The crop is summer-seeded and harvested the following July before the hot, dry conditions of late summer. Pods tends to shatter soon after maturity. Common Vetch, Narrow Leafed Vetch, Purple Vetch, Broad Beans 4 / 10 Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa)is an annual, biennial, or rarely perennial, trailing or climbing legume. Funding for this site is provided by the Center for Turfgrass Environmental Research and Education, the Turfgrass Council of North Carolina and the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at North Carolina State University. Minimum precipitation 18-20”. Drought tolerant once established. Although hairy vetch is typically pubescent, the most extensively used commercial variety is called smooth vetch because it appears to have no pubescence. Inoculated hairy vetch seed can be drilled at a rate of 25 to 35 lb/acre. Hairy vetch is a hardy, winter annual legume that can be planted in either fall or spring. Duke (1981) called the plant a straggling, climbing, or trailing annual or shortlived perennial. It is the only vetch species that can be planted in the fall and be mature the next summer and the only vetch that can be grown in the Upper Midwest. Growing Organic Hairy Vetch Cover Crop Garden Seeds. Symptoms are most conspicuous in seedlings, which wilt and die. Because rye is well past the stage for best quality hay by the time vetch is ready for mowing, the quality of the hay is low. Repeated production of rye and vetch on the same land, however, favors growth of winter annual and perennial weeds. Although the vetches are not drought resistant, this is rarely a problem. Seed should be sown when the soil is moist, because a hot, dry soil will reduce, if not prevent, effective inoculation. Lifespan: annual or perennial. In spring, the plant produces 3 to 10 long, weak, branching stems or vines 3 to 6 ft long. This specific variety of the vivacia species has a taproot that can be up to 40”/101 cm in length. Mature Height. Shallower plantings will give good stands if there is sufficient moisture. In central Wisconsin or Minnesota, the best time to plant vetch is from July 25 to August 30. Vetch produces a hay yield of 1.5 to 3.5 ton/acre dry weight. (Wisconsin). Hairy vetch is the most winter-hardy of the commercial vetches, though it may not survive a winter without a snow cover. Follow directions exactly to protect people and the environment from pesticide exposure. Grassy fields should be plowed or thoroughly cultivated during July before planting vetch. References to pesticide products in this publication are for your convenience and are not an endorsement of one product over other similar products. Purple flowers form in early to mid summer. Lygus bugs can cause considerable damage to vetch. Highly palatable and non-bloating. Requirements for phosphorus, calcium and other minerals are less pronounced. Resistant varieties may offer the best means of control of vetch diseases. Please ask if you would like to use it for more than your own personal use! The larvae enter the pod and feed on the seed, destroying its viability. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) is a trailing winter annual, biennial, or summer annual weed that forms large mats of vegetation. Hairy vetch is more common for fodder production in both winter and summer rainfall regions. Their weak stems grow 2 – 3 feet high and grow over other plants, smothering them. There was no interaction between the two factors. Infected leaves turn yellow and drop off prematurely. Hairy vetch is a legume used primarily for soil improvement along roadsides and for bank stabilization. Cow and hairy vetch (Vicia cracca and V. villosa) is a herbaceous, sprawling, vine-like plant.Annual or short-lived perennial. When planted alone as a winter cover crop in annual vegetable rotations, it can provide as much as 110 lbs. and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. North Carolina citizens each year through local centers in the state's 100 counties For best results, the seedbed should be firm and have adequate moisture for good seed germination. The ground cover of dead plant material averaged over locations varied from 37% (subclover Nuba) to 15% (hairy vetch). This disease sometimes causes considerable damage in the Pacific Northwest. The vines can also grow to be 6 ft/1.8 m tall and 12 ft/3.7 m wide. Some fungicide seed treatment compounds can also interfere with the nodulation process. 1947. If seed is not cleaned, a white mold will grow on the black vetch seed, lowering the quality. Growers are advised to identify a seed market before harvesting seed. Root rot also occurs wherever vetches are grown. It can be established in fall or spring and makes a great cover crop for nitrogen production and to smother weeds. Tendrils form on the ends of the leaves. Ideal Region. When hairy vetch is sown in late July or August, the seed germinates readily and the plants generally form a crown before the first snow. Doll1, K.A. Increasing the proportion of vetch also improves the quality, but adds to mowing difficulties. Hairy vetch will not successfully overwinter in many northern areas of the Midwest. The vetch bruchid is a small, blackish, chunky seed weevil about 1/8 in. Vetch allowed to grow for a full season can credit 120 lb/acre of N. 2. Adapts well to most climates and soil types, but doesn’t like poorly drained sites. When the crop is thin, it can be cut with a mower and windrowed. [1] To reduce losses, it may be necessary to remove a number of the concave and cylinder bars of the combine and to reduce the cylinder speed to 800 rpm or less. Hairy vetch. Downy mildew has caused considerable damage to common vetch in the Pacific Northwest. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) is a winter-hardy annual legume that is widely adapted to New Mexico’s climate. Vetch is attacked by many of the insect pests of alfalfa, clover and other forage legumes, including the pea aphid, cutworm, corn earworm, fall armyworm, vetch bruchid, grasshopper, lygus bug and leafhopper. The underside of infected leaves is covered with fine grayish fungal threads. Call for Pricing. Hairy vetch seeds grow dense, fibrous roots able to suppress and minimze weeds while breaking up clay and heavy soils in only a single growing season. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) is a trailing winter annual, biennial, or summer annual weed that forms large mats of vegetation. Hairy vetch usually survives the winter in Pennsylvania as long as it is established in late summer/early fall. Vetch can be grown following any crop harvested before mid- August. After the pods are formed, lygus bugs will feed on the immature seeds and cause them to shrivel and turn brown. SKU: B01D0D7HLI Categories: Green Manure, Plants and Seeds. Vetches are susceptible to several fungal diseases, some of which are restricted by temperature and moisture conditions to certain parts of the country. At Landvik and Jæren differences between species and locations appeared significant. Vetch seed can be harvested with a combine when the lower pods are fully ripe. Using Crown Vetch in the Landscape If crown vetch is the choice for inclusion in the landscape, it is available by either seed or peat-potted plants; both sources are relatively high in price ($50 for 30 plants/$17 for 1/4 pound seed). Send Explanation, This Extension factsheet can also be viewed at: https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/hairy-vetch. Light, early- spring pasturing reduces excessive vine growth, delays bloom and may improve the seed yield. The eggs are laid on the green vetch pods in the spring. 2Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108. Crown vetch is a perennial herb in the pea/legume family. When hairy vetch is sown in late July or August, the seed germinates readily and the plants generally form a crown before the first snow. Hairy vetch, also called sand vetch, is a moderately winter-hardy species. Due to its vining and climbing morphology, it is frequently planted with rye or another small grain to provide a living trellis. Spots on leaves are small and circular but tend to form elongated streaks. The whole plant has a white-woolly appearance because of the long soft hairs. Vetch does not require nitrogen fertilization. There are 4 recognized subspecies of V. villosa, 2 of which have been found in Minnesota, both weedy. It prefers a soil pH between 6.0 and 7.0 and is adapted to high soil fertility status (phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur). Coring and traffic control reduce compaction and encourage desirable turfgrass competition. of nitrogen per acre to a following spring crop. The spots are small and dark red when young, later fading to light gray or brown with a maroon border. Ahlgren. Albert, A.R., and H.L. . Similarly, vetch seeded into small grain stubble need not be plowed or disked before sowing. When this is done, the amount of nitrogen credited to the succeeding crop should be about 60 lb/acre. Vetches are more tolerant to acid soil conditions than most legumes. Season: cool. For this reason, vetch is usually mixed with faster establishing cover crops such as radish and rye grass. Late seeding and unusually cold fall weather also result in more winter injury. Hughes, H.D., and D.S. Root-knot nematode can cause considerable damage in vetch. Fixes nitrogen and can add enough nitrogen to provide almost all of the needs of the subsequent crop. It may be caused by one or several unrelated fungi that can attack plants at all stages of growth. It is the only vetch that can be grown in the Upper Midwest. September, 1990. Bloom Season . Its lovely purple flowers attract beneficials, such as lacewings, predatory beetles and spiders. NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to form a strategic partnership called N.C. long. A shallow taproot system develops strong lateral branches. Excellent nitrogen-fixing abilities and weed suppresser. Well-nodulated hairy vetch can enrich the soil with 60 to 120 lb/acre of nitrogen through nitrogen fixation. Shattered seed can be disked in as soon as possible after harvest to start a new crop. Some 25 species are native to the United States. NC State Extension is the largest outreach program at NC State University. Flower Color. What separates NC State University from other schools? document.write ("Last updated: " + (lastMod) + " by aw") Vetch is often grown with a small grain for forage; rye is generally used for this purpose in the Upper Midwest. Weak stems grow two to three feet high. Harvesting losses due to shattering may be large. Native or Introduced: Introduced. Hairy vetch does best on well-drained soils and is not recommended for poorly drained soils. The stem of hairy vetch has spreading hairs. Native: Introduced: Both: Absent/Unreported : … 24 inches 2 items; 36 inches 1 item; 72 inches 1 item; Less. It is used for hay, pasture or as erosion control and is commonly planted with cereal grains. Common vetch (Vicia sativa) is a trailing winter annual weed that forms large mats of vegetation. Stem. The purple and white flowers appear in mid-June and are borne in a cluster, or raceme. These bugs tend to feed on the reproductive parts, often causing the buds and flowers to drop. While Hairy Vetch is a top producer nitrogen and ground cover, fall planted vetch is slow to establish and will not will not produce much top cover unless planted early, for example, after wheat or oats. 'Madison' was developed in Nebraska and is very cold tolerant. Good stands are obtained from planting the vetch at a depth of 1/4 to 1/2 in. A disease that resembles anthracnose, but is caused by a different fungus, is prevalent on hairy vetch in the South. Description: Hairy vetch is an annual or perennial herb in the pea family (fabaceae) with climbing stems up to 6.5 feet. It is common to waste areas and roadsides. For hay: Rye and vetch produce a tangled hay that is quite difficult to handle. The protein content of vetch hay ranges from 12 to 20%, depending on the stage of development of the crop when cut. Farmers' Bulletin No. lastMod = new Date(document.lastModified) The pods mature unevenly and tend to shatter easily. (Optional) It can provide sufficient N for many vegetable crops, partially replace N fertilizer for corn or cotton, and increase cash crop N efficiency for higher yield. Tendrils form on the ends of the leaves. Metcalfe. TurfFiles provides turfgrass information to homeowners, students, extension personnel and professional turfgrass managers. This legume grows best in soils high in available potassium. However, where soil tests are very high (greater than 25 to 30 ppm P and 110 to 130 ppm K) applications can be eliminated. Both adults and nymphs suck sap from the plant. There are about 150 species of vetch, several of which were of agricultural importance centuries ago. Follow instructions carefully to achieve an even coat of fresh inoculum on the seed. Later seeded vetch grown as a cover crop for green manure, will supply a smaller amount of N. Vetches are also grown for pasture. Cooperative Extension has offices in every county, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research & Extension Center, Vernon G. James Research & Extension Center, Entomology – Insect Biology and Management, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Center, Weed Management in Nurseries, Landscapes & Christmas Trees, [sulfentrazone + prodiamine], MOA 14 + 3 (4 SC) (Echelon), summer annual or winter annual or biennial weed, vining; vine-like, forms a mat; hairy stems. The leaves of common vetch are very narrow, alternately arranged and compound. If the vetch is not grazed too closely and not cut in July, a fair seed crop may be secured later in the summer. Sand Vetch for Sandy Soils. It has spreading to diffuse, creeping stems that can reach two to six feet in length. Not only can hairy vetch be tilled into an organic biomass dense in phosphorus and potassium, but it is known to convert more nitrogen back into the soil than other legumes and cover crop grains. Annual Average Precipitation: 17 inches. Hairy vetch delivers heavy contributions of mineralized N (readily available to the following cash crop). Third Ed. This "false anthracnose" produces a brown discoloration and girdling of stems. Another source stated that crown vetch grew in a large horse pasture, but that the animals avoided it. When hairy vetch is spring sown, it will bloom and produce some seed the same season. The seed should be inoculated with the proper strain of Rhizobium bacteria within 24 hours of planting, unless well-nodulated peas or vetch have been grown on the field recently. Munz (1973) describes purple vetch as a soft pubescent annual attaining a height of 3-8 dm. Vetch can be difficult to grow for seed. The hay can be cured in the windrow or bunched and allowed to cure in shocks. Older plants become stunted or discolored red or yellow when infected. Vine like growth habit that may grow to 4 ft. in height if sown with cereals. The MacMillan Company. 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